Electrophoresis is a common method of separating DNA, RNA, or protein molecules based on their size and electrical charge. The process involves dispersing particles in a fluid and causing them to move through it. An electric field causes these particles to float in the fluid, and the resulting separation allows for analysis. Positively and negatively charged particles may undergo the same process, but the particles are polarized differently. In either case, the result is a single protein or several different molecules.
Electrophoresis separates different types of molecules based on their size. First, the sample is placed in a porous gel. In this case, the sample is pushed through the pores. As the electric field is applied, biological molecules are forced through the pores at a rate that is inversely proportional to their size. Smaller molecules travel faster through the gel than larger ones. Then, after a few hours, the separated proteins can be stained with a colored dye.
RNA, protein, and DNA molecules are all treated in order to make them migrate more easily. Electrophoresis uses negative charges to attract a positively charged DNA molecule. These materials can be either native or artificially labeled to ensure accurate identification of the molecules. RNA and proteins are labelled to determine their structure and size. This makes it easier to compare different samples and see which ones migrate faster. So, it is important to understand how to prepare your DNA.
High prevalence of cancer is expected to boost demand for electrophoresis platforms. According to the World Health Organization’s Globocan 2020, Germany recorded 628,519 cases of cancer 252,065 cancer-related deaths in 2020. In November 2019, Thermo Fisher Scientific launched Applied Biosystems SeqStudio Genetic Analyzer for Human Identification, a capillary electrophoresis platform capable of obtaining STR-based DNA profiles.
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