Coronary stents are tube-shaped metal devices placed into the coronary arteries to ease blood to the heart. The stents are most often used in a process called percutaneous coronary artery intervention, which is the insertion of a metal ring into the coronary arteries to keep them open. Coronary stents have been used for more than 90 percent of all PCI procedures performed worldwide. This procedure is usually performed on patients with coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is the most common type of heart disease in the U.S. and accounted for 365,914 deaths people in 2017.
Coronary stents provide a safe and reliable way for the treatment and management of coronary artery disease. Bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents, bioresorbable scaffold system, and drug-eluting balloons are various types of stents. Bare-metal coronary stents are stents without a coating or covering. The stents reduce the risk of abrupt vessel closure resulting from local dissections and eliminate vascular wall elastic recoil and constrictive remodeling. The use of this stents is limited as it may lead to in-stent restenosis due to intimal layer injury. Drug-eluting stents are coated with a slow-release medication to help prevent blood clots from forming in a stent. The stents are less likely to cause restenosis than are bare-metal stents.
Bioresorbable scaffold systems offer radial support needed to prevent vessel recoil. These coronary stents allow for secretion of the anti-proliferative drug as they seal intimal dissection flaps that may result from balloon angioplasty. Drug-eluting balloons facilitates effective homogenous delivery of anti-proliferative drugs during percutaneous coronary intervention.
The U.S. is witnessing launch of new coronary stents. In June 2021, Abbott Laboratories received the U.S approval for its new addition to Xience family of drug-eluting coronary stents for one-month (as short as 28 days) dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) labeling for high bleeding risk (HBR) patients.
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